Are rubber balcony floors safe for health?

Rubber balcony flooring is generally considered safe, particularly when made from high-quality materials and manufactured according to established standards and safety regulations. Typically composed of recycled rubber granulate or synthetic EPDM rubber, these floors are durable, weather-resistant, and environmentally friendly. However, certain factors should be considered when assessing their safety.

1. Materials and Composition

The safety of rubber balcony flooring largely depends on the materials used and their processing.

Recycled Rubber Granulate:

  • Source: Often derived from recycled tires.
  • Advantages:
    • Sustainable, reusing materials that would otherwise end up in landfills.
    • Durable and long-lasting.
  • Potential Concerns:
    • Recycled tires may contain small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
    • High-quality products are tested for harmful substances and comply with European regulations such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals), ensuring the absence of hazardous materials.

EPDM Rubber:

  • Properties: Synthetic rubber designed for outdoor use.
  • Advantages:
    • Contains no PAHs.
    • Highly resistant to weather and UV radiation without releasing harmful substances.
    • Suitable for direct skin contact, such as on playgrounds.
  • Certifications: Often certified as safe, especially when tested under DIN EN 1177 (Impact Absorbing Surfaces).

2. Emissions and Off-Gassing

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):

  • Rubber flooring may release small amounts of VOCs, particularly immediately after installation.
  • Health Impacts:
    • VOC levels in high-quality products are minimal and diminish within days.
    • Open, well-ventilated outdoor areas like balconies significantly reduce any risks.
  • Recommendation:
    • Allow the flooring to air out before heavy use.

Odor:

  • Some rubber floors may emit a mild initial odor, which typically fades quickly.
  • Safety: The smell is generally harmless and poses no health risks.

3. Standards and Certifications

Safety is ensured through strict standards and testing:

REACH Compliance:

  • Rubber flooring sold or produced in the EU adheres to REACH regulations.
  • Protection Against Harmful Substances: Products must not contain banned chemicals such as PAHs, heavy metals, or hazardous plasticizers.

DIN EN 1177:

  • Defines safety requirements for impact-absorbing surfaces and is often applied to rubber balcony flooring.
  • Certified products are considered safe for direct skin contact.

GS Mark (Tested Safety):

  • Awarded to products that pass comprehensive safety and substance testing.

4. Skin and Contact Safety

Rubber balcony floors are safe for skin contact when manufactured to high standards.

Allergies and Skin Reactions:

  • EPDM Rubber: Hypoallergenic and skin-friendly, widely used in playgrounds.
  • Recycled Rubber: Rarely causes skin reactions, typically limited to lower-quality products.

Safety for Children and Pets:

  • Soft and shock-absorbing surfaces make them safe for children.
  • Non-slip and elastic properties are also beneficial for pets, with no health risks.

5. Weather Resistance and Safety

Rubber balcony floors are designed to remain safe under extreme weather conditions.

UV Radiation:

  • High-quality products are UV-resistant and do not release harmful substances even under intense sunlight.

Frost and Moisture:

  • Non-absorbent, preventing mold or algae growth, which could pose health risks.

6. Maintenance and Cleaning

Regular cleaning contributes to their safety:

Easy Cleaning:

  • Use mild detergents and water to keep the flooring clean.
  • Avoid harsh chemicals or solvents to prevent material damage or harmful residues.

Dirt and Algae:

  • Algae or moss may form in shaded areas but can be easily removed with eco-friendly cleaners.

7. Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Rubber balcony flooring, particularly when made from recycled materials, is both sustainable and safe:

  • Reusing tires reduces waste and environmental impact.
  • Products with recycled content conserve resources without increasing health risks.

Conclusion

Rubber balcony flooring is safe when compliant with European standards such as REACH, DIN EN 1177, or equivalent certifications. High-quality products do not contain harmful substances and are suitable for humans, children, pets, and the environment. While caution is advised for lower-quality products from unverified sources, certified rubber flooring is a safe, durable, and sustainable option for outdoor spaces. Regular cleaning and ventilation ensure long-term safety.